std::ranges::sort_heap() algorithm

since C++20

Simplified

// (1)
constexpr I
    sort_heap( I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );

// (2)
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
    sort_heap( R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );

The type of arguments are generic and have the following constraints:

• I - std::random_access_iterator
• S - std::sentinel_for<I>
• R - std::ranges::random_access_range
• Comp - (none)
• Proj - (none)

The Proj and Comp template arguments have the following default types: std::identity, ranges::less for all overloads.

Additionally, each overload has the following constraints:

• (1) - std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
• (2) - std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>

Detailed

// (1)
template<
  std::random_access_iterator I,
  std::sentinel_for<I> S,
  class Comp = ranges::less,
  class Proj = std::identity
>
  requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
constexpr I
    sort_heap( I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );

// (2)
template<
  ranges::random_access_range R,
  class Comp = ranges::less,
  class Proj = std::identity
>
  requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
    sort_heap( R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {} );

Converts the max heap [first; last) into a sorted range in ascending order.
The resulting range no longer has the heap property.

• (1) Elements are compared using the given binary comparison function comp and projection object proj.

• (2) Same as (1), but uses r as the source range, as if using ranges::begin(r) as first and ranges::end(r) as last.

The function-like entities described on this page are niebloids.

Parameters

first last	The range of elements to make a heap from.
r	The range of elements to make a heap from.
pred	Predicate to apply to the projected elements.
proj	The projection to apply to the elements.

Return value

An iterator equal to last.

Complexity

Given N as ranges::distance(first, last):

At most 2 * N * log(N) comparisons and 4 * N * log(N) projections.

Exceptions

(none)

Possible implementation

sort_heap(1) and sort_heap(2)

struct sort_heap_fn
{
    template<std::random_access_iterator I, std::sentinel_for<I> S,
             class Comp = ranges::less, class Proj = std::identity>
    requires std::sortable<I, Comp, Proj>
    constexpr I
        operator()(I first, S last, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        auto ret {ranges::next(first, last)};
        for (; first != last; --last)
            ranges::pop_heap(first, last, comp, proj);
        return ret;
    }

    template<ranges::random_access_range R, class Comp = ranges::less,
             class Proj = std::identity>
    requires std::sortable<ranges::iterator_t<R>, Comp, Proj>
    constexpr ranges::borrowed_iterator_t<R>
        operator()(R&& r, Comp comp = {}, Proj proj = {}) const
    {
        return (*this)(ranges::begin(r), ranges::end(r), std::move(comp), std::move(proj));
    }
};

inline constexpr sort_heap_fn sort_heap {};

Notes

A max heap is a range of elements [f; l), arranged with respect to comparator comp and projection proj, that has the following properties:

• Given N as l - f, p = f[(i - 1) / 2], and q = f[i], for all 0 < i < N, the expression std::invoke(comp, std::invoke(proj, p), std::invoke(proj, q)) evaluates to false.
• A new element can be added using ranges::push_heap, in O(log(N)) time.
• The first element can be removed using ranges::pop_heap, in O(log(N)) time.

Examples

Main.cpp

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <iostream>

void print(auto const& rem, auto const& v)
{
    std::cout << rem;
    for (const auto i : v)
        std::cout << i << ' ';
    std::cout << '\n';
}

int main()
{
    std::array v {3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9};
    print("original array:  ", v);

    std::ranges::make_heap(v);
    print("after make_heap: ", v);

    std::ranges::sort_heap(v);
    print("after sort_heap: ", v);
}

Possible Output

original array:  3 1 4 1 5 9
after make_heap: 9 5 4 1 1 3
after sort_heap: 1 1 3 4 5 9